Multiverse Profile: France

The recent Paris terror attacks was a horrific reminder that religious fanatics are still a threat to civilization. It is something that has awakened the wider world to this fact that similar recent attacks in Lebanon and Iraq have not. Nevertheless, with everyone flying the French tricolor on their profiles, I felt now may be the right time to resurrect an old segment that I like to call "Multiverse Profile". This is where I breakdown how a nation, state/province or region is portrayed in alternate history and today I would like to look at France.

Actually when I began doing research for this article I almost forgot how influential France and its people have been to the genre, which they call uchronie. In fact, the alternate history bibliography, Uchronia, got its name from the French word for alternate history. Furthermore, next to the English-language community, French speaking alternate historians have the most alternate history sites on the Internet and when it comes to this blog, France is the #5 destination for where I get the most visitors from. That is more traffic then what I get from other predominantly English-speaking countries like Australia and Canada.

Of course, that is just the present day state of alternate history in France. The French have been creating alternate history since the beginning. Some of the earliest alternate histories ever published in French include Alain-René Lesage's Les Aventures de Monsieur Robert Chevalier, dit de Beauchêne, capitaine de flibustiers dans la Nouvelle-France (1732), Jean-Baptiste-Claude Delisle de Sales' Ma République (1791) and Louis-Napoléon Geoffroy-Château's Napoléon et la conquête du monde, 1812-1823: histoire de la monarchie universelle (1836). Louis Geoffroy's novel is not only one of the earliest works of alternate history published in large quantities, it was also probably the first example of a "wank" since the novel had Napoleon unify the entire world of beating Russia and Britain. Now in hindsight creating the first wankfest probably shouldn't be celebrated, but we won't blame all of France for one guy's implausible timeline.

Now France has a long history that covers centuries of time, which means that it is rife with potential points of divergence. That being said, France often takes a secondary role in a lot of alternate histories, at least in the works published by the English-speaking community. While the number of scenarios involving Napoleon/Waterloo do rank very high according to Evelyn Leeper (especially in France itself), other parts of French history remain rather obscure. The AlternateHistory.com Wiki, however, does mention that there are still plenty of timelines where France is doing well...as long as Germany doesn't win World War I and World War II.

Still if you are curious to learn more about France in alternate history, there are plenty of portals for where you can start your journey. The aforementioned AlternateHistory.com Wiki has a list of timelines that are either France-centric or else has the country make a major appearance. The AltHistory Wiki also has a long list of nation profiles for Frances that appear on their timelines, along with two featured timelines where France takes center stage: "Napoleon's World" and "French Trafalgar, British Waterloo" (which confirms the fact that timelines where Napoleon is more successful are very popular). Finally lets not forget the hard-working editors over at Harry Turtledove Wiki who have compiled all the references to France in the works of the master of alternate history.

Of course this is just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to France's impact on our favorite genre. I am sure I missed a lot of important points and, if so, please let me know if the comments. I recommend you check out some of the links I shared and open your mind to new points of divergence that you may have avoided in the past. Also, if you liked this article, let me know. I may do more profiles on nation's and their impact on alternate history, especially on those nations that are often ignored by alternate historians.

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Matt Mitrovich is the founder and editor of Alternate History Weekly Update, a blogger on Amazing Stories and a Sidewise Awards for Alternate History judge. When not writing he works as an attorney, enjoys life with his beautiful wife Alana and prepares for the day when travel between parallel universes becomes a reality. You can follow him on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Learn how you can support his alternate history projects on Patreon.

A Brief Summary of the Alternate History Genre in Hungary

Guest post by Pintér Bence.

What if the Nazis had won the Second World War? What if the Confederacy had taken over the Union? Tempting questions – with thousand and one answers. These are  the most popular periods in English alternate history novels from Philip K. Dick to Robert Harris, let alone the enormous bibliography of Harry Turtledove. I can’t deny that these events were real turning points of recent history. A fascist Britain? A communist America? These can be very exciting topics, even for a Hungarian. But what can I say? I’m bored of these books. There are so many other fields of history. So what about Hungary? Are we interested in other topics?

In Hungary, we have very few novels in the genre. Exactly: seven, and I’m counting the one I co-authored. Not a popular genre, you may say, but hell, we just rediscovered the whole detective fiction with Kondor Vilmos’s brilliant Budapest-novels. The lack of this genre is more surprising when you learn about our miserable history: Hungarians are constantly whining about how fate or God screwed us throughout history. It would be logical, though, to have a flourishing alternate history subculture. We don't have it, however, unless you count the often antisemitic conspiracy theorists or the believers of Sumer/Japanese/Tibetan/Korean/Syrian ancestry.

Three of the seven Hungarian AH-novels deal with the utterly boring question of what-if-the-Nazis-had-won-the-war. Gáspár László wrote the Mi, I. Adolf (We, Adolf I), a novel about the prosperous post-war German empire. In the A negyedik birodalom (The Fourth Reich) by Galántai Zoltán (W. Hamilton Green) the space-conquering Nazis have to fight an alien enemy. And lastly Trenka Csaba Gábor’s Egyenlítői Magyar Afrika (Hungarian Equatorial Africa) takes us to a Hungarian colony in Africa and shows us the end of the Nazi regime through the eyes of a young colonist.

The three other novels deal with the Ottoman and Soviet conquerors of the country. In the Ezüst félhold Blues (Silver Crescent Blues) Gáspár András examine a world where the Ottomans have never been defeated and Hungary is still a Turkish territory in the 20th century. Trenka Csaba Gábor’s fresh novel, Place Rimbaud takes a similar approach and shows us a contemporary Hungary dominated by the Ottomans and a world dominated by France. In László Zoltán’s novel Hiperballada (Hyperballad) computer technology developed faster in the Soviet Union, and Hungary is still on the wrong side of the Iron Curtain.

But I have always thought Hungary and Central Europe have far more exciting opportunities than these. What if St. Stephen, the founder of Hungary lost the decisive battle against the pretender Koppány? What if Matthias Corvinus had had a rightful, powerful heir who could have organized the army and could have brought in some international help against the Ottomans in 1526 at Mohács? What if John Sobieski of Poland had not honored his obligations in 1683, and the Ottomans could have taken over Vienna? And what if the Hungarian rebels had defeated the Habsburg armies at some point in the freedom fight in 1848 or 1849?

This last one is my favorite question, which I examined with my co-author Pintér Máté in the novel A szivarhajó utolsó útja (The Last Journey of the Cigar Ship). Our divergence point is in 1848, when an engineer invents a Gatling-gun-like weapon in Munkács, Hungary. With the help of this “Wunderwaffe” the Hungarian army can stop the intervening Russians at the Dukla Pass and later they can occupy Vienna. As a result of this the Habsburg Empire’s minorities join the rebellion and  they form the Danubian Confederation together. In the next decade Poland and most of the Balkans are liberated, Italy and North Germany are unified with the help of the Danubian Confederation. In 1860, the Confederation has eleven members: Bavaria (with Baden and Württemberg), Austria, Hungary (with Slovakia), Bohemia, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bosnia, Transylvania and Bulgaria.

In 1888, the Danubian Confederation and the allied countries (Italy, the North German Federation and Poland) are threatened by the neighboring powers: the Russian Tsar, the French Emperor and the Turkish Sultan are just waiting for a proper reason to start a war. While the external threat is increasing, a mysterious villain, Árny (Shade) is preparing to steal the first battle airship in order to bring the country to anarchy. Only a few people could bring the situation under control: Kossuth Csaba, a young cavalry officer, grandson of Kossuth Lajos, the founder of the state; Ana Pejnovic, the beautiful Serbian agent of the Secret Service and Nemesházi Bence, a dynamic politician of the Danubian Civic Democratic Party.

So this is the situation in Hungary. Few books, half of them about the Nazis, yet endless opportunities in our history.

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Pintér Bence is a journalist at the Hungarian online newspaper mandiner.hu and the co-author of the alternate history novel A szivarhajó utolsó útja. He studies 19th century diplomatic relations at the Eötvös Lóránd University. You can follow him on Tumblr.

The Maple Leaf (Not Quite) Forever: Canada in Alternate History

Guest Post by Tyler Bugg.

As a proud Canadian, I can’t help but look forward to see how the second largest nation on Earth does in alternate histories. However, I’m usually left with a sinking feeling, mostly because my home and native land seems to be a favorite stomping ground, and always toward the top of the “To Conquer” list in American dominate AH’s, or an unlucky pawn in different British Empires and the rest of the world, and, if the Nazi’s won the Second World War, you can be sure of one of two things: a) it’s the refuge of a fleeing British Monarchy and government, or b) yet another colony of Hitler’s. Well, maybe that would be better than the United States of North America, I dunno.

Often times, the nation is a fraction of its current, gargantuan size, composed of only the original provinces of Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec (unless the latter broke away), or, rarely, even larger. The War of 1812, the Oregon Crisis (54° 40° or Fight!), the Trent Affair, and plan old Manifest Destiny are popular POD’s, though, of course, the butterflies and Bats from Space that are Aliens would cause damage for any POD around the world…

I don’t mind too much, as its all fiction. But it seems to me that when Canada is involved, there are three categories that it can be divided into:

1. “Greater Canada”: This is primarily a “Canada wank” TL, where the Thirteen Colonies that became America instead joined Canada to become a massive, continent spanning Dominion of the British crown, or simply that Canada invades the US and, somehow, improbably, wins (though, listening to this song, you may think we’re one step away from following in our former Colonial Master’s shoes) Of course, these TL’s are rare, although I would consider Harry Turtledove’s The Two Georges as a “Greater Canada” TL (even including an RCMP analogue, the Royal American Mounted Police!)

2. “Lesser Canada”: Canada doesn’t stretch into the Great Plains, much less British Colombia and often times Quebec will be independent. Basically, only OTL Ontario would be “Canada”, as the Maritime Provinces might have either become part of the US, or simply remained colonies of the British Empire. I made a “Lesser Canada” in my major Timeline “French Trafalgar, British Waterloo,” the rest of OTL Canada becoming the republics of Assiniboia (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, North West Territories and Nunavut) and Alyseka (Russian Alaska, BC and Yukon), only later to have my “lesser Canada” become “No Canada” after a Civil War a la Spanish Civil War, replaced by, you guessed it, Quebec.

3. “WTF is Canada?”: No change, most likely because the writer either doesn’t think Canada is that important: just another nation on the list, right beside Nepal, Sierra Leone and Tibet that exist; or simply, isn’t interesting and says that the butterflies have no effect north of the 49th Parallel, even if the US became a Neo-Nazi, Commie Hippie, tree hugging dystopia. This, sadly, is the most often seen one, especially on the Alternate History Wikia, the one place I frequent more often than anything else counterfactual historically related.

One of the most notable Canada’s in Alternate History is, once again, from Harry Turtledove. While Mr. Turtledove does add Canada in many of his stories, such as an angry Union attacking the defenseless nation after the succession of the Confederacy in The Guns of the South, one of the most inhospitable territories conquered by the Race (and later given back!) in the WorldWar and Colonization series, the largest involvement in a Turtledove story is in the Timeline-191 (or Southern Victory) series. Six of the multitude of viewpoint characters are either from the north or spent some time there, from farmer/saboteur Arthur McGregor (from my home province of Manitoba, no less!), and his daughter Mary, to American pilot/lawyer Jonathon Moss, whose wife and daughter are killed by a bomb sent to them by Mary. Having a setting in Canada, especially the contrast between the resistant English settlers of the west, and the Quebecois in the east, given their own nation under American “protection” is a nice touch, and one that, as a Canadian, makes me wonder “What if the US did march on Canada?”

Either way, Canada is mostly an unimportant player in Alternate History, mostly due to its proximity to the US, and a much, much smaller population (as of right now, Canada is only a breath away from 35 million: the US is well passed the 300 million mark) and the general feeling Canada is either a “Polite American” or “America’s Hat.” Of course, I can’t say too much bad about the United States, if for the fact that I’m only 20 miles from the border…

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Tyler “Tbguy1992” Bugg is a Canadian History Student currently on summer break, and, if he can find time in between video games (ALTERNATE HISTORY video games, mind you), work and such, he tries to write. If he could find a job writing for a video games company for an Alternate History story set in Canada, the world will most likely stop turning for a moment while everyone comprehends it.

Multiverse Profile: New England

New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States and a common actor in many balkanized North America timelines.  It usually consists of the six states known in OTL as Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.  The area is known for being the home of the Pilgrims, a religious community from England who formed the Plymouth Colony in 1620 to avoid religious persecution.  They were followed  ten years later by the Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston, thus forming Massachusetts Bay Colony.  It was these English settlers who gave the region its name and the foundation for it's culture.

Though it might be hard to believe, the region has a long history of rebellion and secession.  In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The Boston Tea Party was a protest that angered Great Britain, which responded with the "Intolerable Acts", stripping the colonies of self-government. The confrontation led to open warfare in 1775, the expulsion of the British from New England in spring 1776, and the Declaration of Independence in July 1776.

It is here we must consider what would have happened to the region if the Americans lost their war for independence or if the war was avoided all together.  J.C.D. Clark speculated in his short essay "British America: What if there had been no American Revolution?" that the Revolution could have been avoided if the British allowed the colonies to have their own Parliament and continued the Dominion of New England.  This Dominion could have come to dominate the entire British North America, making it more an alternate version of the United States than an independent New England.  For those interested in a New England that won its independence from the British without the help of the other colonies, you should check out The Alteration by Kingsley Amis, where New England is a lone protestant state in a world dominated by the Roman Catholic church.

After the success of the American Revolution, the region experienced the Shays' Rebellion, an armed uprising that took place in central and western Massachusetts from 1786 to 1787. The rebellion was named after Daniel Shays, a veteran of the American Revolutionary War.  The rebellion started on August 21, 1786, over financial difficulties and by January 1787, over one thousand Shaysites had been arrested. A militia that had been raised as a private army defeated an attack on the federal Springfield Armory by the main Shaysite force on February 3, 1787, and five rebels were killed in the action. 

The rebellion energized calls to reevaluate the Articles of Confederation, which were eventually disbanded and replaced by the current United States Constitution.  Yet even here a New Englander could have thrown a monkey wrench into the plans for a stronger Union.  In William H. Riker's short story "What If Elbridge Gerry Had Been More Rational and Less Patriotic?", Massachusetts delegate Gerry votes against the proposal, causing the entire convention to collapse, the United States to balkanize and a war to break out between New England and New York over Vermont (which at the time was an independent republic).  The Constitution, however, was adopted and bloodshed between the states was avoided.

Even the Constitution did not stop the calls for secession and independence. From 1814-1815, New England politicians opposed the War of 1812 met at the Hartford Convention to air grievances concerning the war and the political problems arising from the domination of the Federal Government by Presidents from Virginia. Despite many outcries in the Federalist press for New England secession and a separate peace with Great Britain, moderates dominated the Convention and such a proposal was never adopted.  There is an online timeline called Decades of Darkness by Jared where New England secedes even earlier then the Hartford Convention after President Jefferson dies earlier and his successor continues the Embargo Act.  This eventually leads to a world that looks something like this:

The World of Decades of Darkness in 1935.

Following the War of 1812, New England had increased tensions with the southern states and saw themselves as the victims of a slaveholders’ conspiracy.  These tensions arose throughout the 1830s and 1840s due to the Texas Annexation, the Mexican–American War and the expansion of slavery. Anti-slavery proponents began voicing the idea of separation from the South.  In the May 1844 edition of The Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison wrote the "Address to the Friends of Freedom and Emancipation in the United States." Garrison wrote that the Constitution had been created “at the expense of the colored population of the country”. With southerners continuing to dominate the nation because of the Three-fifths compromise, it was time “to set the captive free by the potency of truth” and “secede from the government.  On the same day that this issue was published, the New England Anti-Slavery Convention endorsed the principles of disunion from slaveholders by a vote of 250–24.

In fact there are several stories featuring a "mirror" American Civil War where New England secedes instead of the South.  In "How the South Preserved the Union" by Ralph Roberts in the anthology Alternate Presidents, David Rice Atchison takes office when both Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore are killed in a carriage accident. In the story, New England secedes, then attempts to overthrow the Washington government. In the end, Atchison orders all slaves freed and armed and New England fails.  In the same anthology we also find "Now Falls the Cold, Cold Night".  In the that story, Millard Fillmore is elected as the Know Nothing party candidate in 1856, resulting in ethnic tensions in New England over the fugitive slave laws. John C. Fremont becomes President of the New England Confederacy with William T. Sherman as his commanding general, opposed by the Army of the United States under Robert E. Lee.

Today there are very few major movements that wish to secede from the United States.  Nevertheless, the region remains a unique part of America with a long history of rebellion.  Alternate historians will never fail to find inspiration for a new nation in their balkanized North America if they take a look at the history of New England.

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Mitro is founder, editor and contributor of Alternate History Weekly Update. When he is not busy writing about his passion for alternate history, he spends his time working as a licensed attorney in the state of Illinois and dreams of being a published author himself one day.

Multiverse Profile: Texas

In honor of Balkanized North America month and a new book I am about to read, I decided to do a multiverse profile on one of the more common nations found in BNA TLs: Texas.  Settled originally by the Spanish until Mexico assumed control of the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845 it joined the United States as the 28th state.  Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify Texas as an independent republic and as a reminder of the state's struggle for independence from Mexico. The "Lone Star" can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal today. 

Perhaps this is one of the reasons why Texas has had such a long history of rebellion in the United States.  A slave state, Texas declared its secession from the United States in early 1861, joining the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.  Though Texas eventually returned to the Union after the war ended, the calls for secession were never silenced.  Proponents of the idea include fringe organizations like the Republic of Texas and former Republican presidential candidate and current governor of Texas, Rick Perry. In April 2009, Perry raised the issue of secession in disputed comments during a speech at a Tea Party protest saying "Texas is a unique place. When we came into the union in 1845, one of the issues was that we would be able to leave if we decided to do that...My hope is that America and Washington in particular pays attention. We've got a great union. There's absolutely no reason to dissolve it. But if Washington continues to thumb their nose at the American people, who knows what may come of that."  Of course, Texans have a lot of odd ideas about their rights as a state.

So with that in mind, it is easy to see how Texas provides fertile ground for the imagination of an alternate historian.  Ignoring the Confederated State of Texas (except for those that eventually secede from the Confederacy, like the Texas in Harry Turtledove's Timeline 191 series), alternate history is full of independent Texas nations.  Roswell, Texas by L. Neil Smith and Rex F. May features a timeline where Davy Crockett survived the Alamo and Santa Anna did not.  Texas would eventually become the libertarian "Federated States of Texas" rather than becoming a part of the United States.  Other independent Texas nations include the one found in the short story "Soy la Libertad!" by Robert Coulson and Captain Confederacy by Will Shetterly and Vince Stone.  In the later, the United States balkanized following the American Civil War.  The creators were kind enough to share a map of the former United States on their blog:

So what would happen if Texas seceded again, like it did in the Family Guy episode "Back to the Pilot"?  To answer that questions, perhaps I only have to read the The End of Texas by Juan Batista.  Here is the plot summary:

The End of Texas is a work of alternate history showing how one governor's treason could have led to a secession movement countered by a movement of loyal patriots, ending in a shattered state. Militias launch more campaigns of assassination and bombings. Loyal Americans rise up against secession. Loyal patriots in the state, Mexican-Americans, Blacks, progressives, moderates, and non-treasonous conservatives struggle to keep much of Texas in the USA, and break away from Texas to form their own states.

A book for anyone asking the question, "How can anyone claiming to be a loyal American favor secession and treason, and what can true patriots do to stop them?"

The End of Texas is also a thorough debunking of the John Wayne image of Texas, an incisive look at the real Texas, stripped of myths. The book is a salute by a lifelong Texan to the best parts of the state. Texas, far from being a land of rednecks or rigidly fundamentalist conservative Christians, also is diverse and modernizing land, a state with one third of its people Latino, with one of the highest Muslim populations in the nation, and even a lesbian mayor of Houston. Texas is a state where one can find kosher chili and leftwing country music. It is that part of the state that must win out over its redneck past.

And for those who like maps, here is what Texas will come to look like in the story:

So stay on the lookout for my review of The End of Texas and stay tuned for the next multiverse profile on an imaginary North American nation: New England!

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Mitro is founder, editor and contributor of Alternate History Weekly Update. When he is not busy writing about his passion for alternate history, he spends his time working as a licensed attorney in the state of Illinois and dreams of being a published author himself one day.

Multiverse Profile: United States of America

If you look at the large library of alternate history, you cannot help but notice that the United States plays a large role in many stories.  And why not?  The United States is one of the most influential nations of the world.  It has the world's largest economy and it is an important cultural force in the world.  So it only stands to reason that when I start discussing how different nations are portrayed in alternate history, I should start with the United States.  Perhaps by seeing how it is altered in different stories, we can get a snapshot of the OTL United States and its people.

Note: While there are many alternate versions of the United States in the multiverse, the versions I will be discussing are the most common.  Also I will not be discussing balkanized United States.  That is a discussion for next month.

Let us begin...

Fascist United States

Americans takes pride in being a liberal democracy.  For centuries the country has managed to hold an unending streak of free and fair elections.  What would happen, however, if the United States lost this aspect of its culture?  That is where the "fascist United States" of alternate history comes into being.  This version of America does not have to follow a fascist ideology per se, but it does have to be authoritarian and have some sort of tyrannical dictator in charge.  Versions of the fascist United States can be found in Amerikan Eagle by Alan Glenn and The Plot Against America by Philip Roth.  In these stories authors play on Americans greatest fear: that the freedom they have learned to cherish and protect will be taken away by some power-hungry maniac.  Obviously it is impossible for one person to show up and take power without support, but these alternate dictators usually receive it from a populace that is scared and desperate.  That is why you see American politicians and their supporters use words like "Nazi" and "fascist" to describe their opponents.  Americans still fear this possibility.

Communist United States

After fighting a decades long Cold War against the Soviet Union that could have ended with the nuclear annihilation of most of the world, it is easy to see why alternate historians would take to creating a "communist United States".  Of course there is also the factor that the United States is a more conservative culture than most Western democracies, but nonetheless, most Americans have it in their minds that if the United States became communist, it was because they "lost".  Worlds where the United States lost the Cold War can be found in The Gladiator by Harry Turtledove or the first episode of the TV series Sliders.  Sometimes, however, the United States and the Soviet Union simply switch places.  The United States goes through a communist revolution, while Russia either remains an empire or becomes a democracy.  This example is most prevalent in Back in the U.S.S.A. by Eugene Byrne and Kim Newman.  Rarely do any of these worlds make things "good" for Americans.  Most alternate historians hold to the belief that communism was, is and forever shall be a "bad" thing.

British United States

Americans tend to respect and glorify their founders.  They are taught how they were men of genius and integrity and fought to free the colonies from the tyrannical George III.  Ignoring the fact that the founding fathers were treated with more reverence then even the most popular monarch, Americans still feel that remaining a British colony would have been a disaster...or would it?  Most alternate historians do not paint grim pictures of what a British America would look.  How this American dominion is created varies across the genre.  Sometimes the Americans lose the American Revolution, as they did in For Want of a Nail by Robert Sobel.  A British America could also have been founded if cooler heads prevailed and the Revolution never happened in the first place, as it did in The Two Georges by Harry Turtledove and Richard Dreyfuss.  Rarely are these alternate histories dystopias like the last two.  Perhaps alternate historians are trying to tell us that not all divergence points lead to a nightmare scenario.  Maybe some even share Winston Churchill's belief that the English speaking-world should have been united.

American Wanks

These Americas are probably even more then the dystopias I mentioned before.  These are American wanks and in them you find a version of the United States that is richer, larger and more technologically advanced then OTL.  They strain and often break all the rules of plausibility and often reflect the author's own nationalist sentiment of the United States.  Good (or bad?) examples of an American wank include the North American Confederacy series by L. Neil Smith and the United States of An Independent in 2000 that can be found on the AH Wiki.  Both alternate histories are made worse due to fact that they encapsulate the political beliefs of each author.  Their message is clear: if America adopts my politics it would be a better place!  History rarely agrees with such statements.

Other Alternate Names for the United States

Union of Free States, Columbia, Allied States of America, Commonwealth of America, Commonwealth of American States, Confederation of American States, Confederation of British North America, Fredonia, New England, North American Confederation, People's Republic of America, United Provinces of America, United States of North America, Vinland.

Next Profile: The United Kingdom!

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Mitro is founder, editor and contributor of Alternate History Weekly Update. When he is not busy writing about his passion for alternate history, he spends his time working as a licensed attorney in the state of Illinois and dreams of being a published author himself one day.